ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of maca extract on exercise endurance and blood hormone levels in the rats. Methods Wistar rats treated with maca extract (2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight) were freely swimming in the cir-culating water flow daily for 15 days. On the 16th day of experiment, the exercise endurance and blood noradrenaline (NA), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) levels of the rats were determined. Results The rats administered with maca extract at the doses of 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight for 15 d showed that the swimming time before sinking was in-creased by 32. 51%, 60. 04%, 106. 52%, the total swimming time was extended by 16. 99%, 56. 50%, and 101. 73%respectively ( P<0. 01 ); while the number of sinking was decreased by 18. 89%, 35. 89%, and 58. 06%, respectively (P< 0. 01), compared with those swimming rats without maca extract treatment. The noradrenaline level in the blood of rats treated with maca extract 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight was increased by 3. 30%, 6. 60%, and 16. 50%, respec-tively, compared with the control group, and increased by 42. 49%,47. 05%, and 60. 70%, respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment;the E2 level was increased by 132. 83%,102. 72%, and 62. 26% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, while decreased by 23. 88%, 33. 72%, and 46. 95% (P<0. 01) respec-tively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. The blood testosterone level was increased by 5. 11%, 37. 65%, and 123. 16% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, and increased by 28. 98%, 68. 92%, and 173. 85%, (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that maca extract has effect to resist fatigue and enhance exercise capacity in rats. The mechanism is associated with reduced blood E2 , and increased noradrenaline and testosterone levels in the blood of rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of maca extract on exercise endurance and blood hormone levels in the rats. Methods Wistar rats treated with maca extract (2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight) were freely swimming in the cir-culating water flow daily for 15 days. On the 16th day of experiment, the exercise endurance and blood noradrenaline (NA), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) levels of the rats were determined. Results The rats administered with maca extract at the doses of 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight for 15 d showed that the swimming time before sinking was in-creased by 32. 51%, 60. 04%, 106. 52%, the total swimming time was extended by 16. 99%, 56. 50%, and 101. 73%respectively ( P<0. 01 ); while the number of sinking was decreased by 18. 89%, 35. 89%, and 58. 06%, respectively (P< 0. 01), compared with those swimming rats without maca extract treatment. The noradrenaline level in the blood of rats treated with maca extract 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight was increased by 3. 30%, 6. 60%, and 16. 50%, respec-tively, compared with the control group, and increased by 42. 49%,47. 05%, and 60. 70%, respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment;the E2 level was increased by 132. 83%,102. 72%, and 62. 26% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, while decreased by 23. 88%, 33. 72%, and 46. 95% (P<0. 01) respec-tively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. The blood testosterone level was increased by 5. 11%, 37. 65%, and 123. 16% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, and increased by 28. 98%, 68. 92%, and 173. 85%, (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that maca extract has effect to resist fatigue and enhance exercise capacity in rats. The mechanism is associated with reduced blood E2 , and increased noradrenaline and testosterone levels in the blood of rats.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that titanium alloy with good biocompatibility can be easily processed and synthesized to produce a porous structure with suitable pore diameter, which shows desired outcomes in the treatment of ankle injury. Its mechanical performance, however, is yet unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and biomechanical properties of porous titanium alloy support rod in ankle joint injuries. METHODS: The lateral ligaments of the ankle were lifted and ripped violently using a hemostatic forceps to make ankle injury models in 30 healthy Beagle dogs. Animal models were randomized into two groups: control and experimental groups (n=15 per group). A three-dimensional model of porous titanium alloy rod was established by using CAD software, and it was input into the EBM S12 system. Ti6A14V powder was added into the machine and melted layer by layer, and then made into porous cylinder rods of 4 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length. The control group used conventional repair, and the experimental group underwent repair with porous titanium alloy support rod implantation. Degree of ankle swelling, excellent/good repair rate, and electrophysiological and biomechanical properties were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral ankle circumference showed no difference between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), but after repair with porous titanium alloy support rod implantation, the experimental groups had significantly lower ipsilateral ankle circumference than the control group (P < 0.05). The excellent/good rate was also significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group at 3 months after repair (P < 0.05). For the somatosensory evoked potential and electromyogram of the affected lateral ligament of the ankle, significantly lower latency and significantly higher amplitude was found in the experimental group than the control group at 3 months after repair, though there was no significant difference between the two groups before repair (P > 0.05). Maximum perturbation, elastic disturbance and damage immunity had no significant difference between the two group (P > 0.05), while the experimental group had significantly increased maximum load, elastic load, failure load and stiffness coefficient compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the porous titanium alloy support rod can achieve good outcomes in the repair of ankle injury, and help to improve the biomechanical properties of the ankle.